英语疑问句的构成及用法

　　⑴一般疑问句：①结构：be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+动词原形/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式/表语……。②答语：Yes, 人称代词主格+be动词/助动词/情态动词（不缩写，there be结构用there）。No, 人称代词主格+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not. 。如：Is Simon playing football? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Do you have a ruler? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
 

　　⑵特殊疑问句：①结构：特殊疑问词（作主语或修饰主语）（主语）+谓语部分…?。特殊疑问词（作宾语、表语、状语等）+助动词/be动词/情态动词+谓语部分…?。②答语：根据疑问词和实际意义作出具体的回答。如：Who helped you with your homework? My mother did. Which sweater is your father’s? The brown one is. Who are you looking after? I’m looking after my grandmother.
　　⑶选择疑问句：①结构：一般疑问句+or+另一个选择成分？。特殊疑问句，一个选择成分+or+另一个选择成分？。②答语：根据选择的内容作出具体的回答。如：Is your friend a girl or a boy? A boy. Which pen is better, this one or that one? This one is.
　　⑷反意疑问句
①结构：陈述句（肯定式）+附加问句（否定式）？；陈述句（否定式）+附加问句（肯定式）？。如：Tom has been to Beijing, hasn’t he? Your father isn’t a doctor, is he?
②答语：与一般疑问句的答语相同，但注意在回答“前否后肯”的反意疑问句时，yes和no在意义上的变化（yes意思是“不”；no意思是“是”）。如：—Your father isn’t a doctor, is he? —Yes, he is.(不，他是医生。) —No, he isn’t.(是的，他不是医生。)
③附加问句部分主语和谓语动词：附加问句部分的主语一般为人称代词主格，但必须与陈述句部分的主语保持一致。如：Miss Hu is your English teacher, isn’t she?
◆陈述句为there be句型，附加问句部分用“…there?”结构。如：There are two men in the room, aren’t there?
◆陈述句的主语是指示代词单数形式、表示物的不定代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句时，附加问句部分的主语用it；如果是指示代词复数，则用they。如：Eating too much is bad for your health, isn’t it? What he said is true, isn’t it? These are my apples, aren’t they?
◆陈述句的主语是表示人的不定代词，附加问句部分的主语一般为they；也可是he。如：No one is way, aren’t they?
◆陈述句为复合句时，附加问句部分的主语与主句的主语保持一致；如果复合句是“I think/believe/guess that…”，则附加问句部分的主语与从句的主语保持一致。如：Our teacher didn’t know where Tom went, did he? I don’t think he will come back, will he?
◆陈述句是并列句时，附加问句部分的主语与后一个分句的主语保持一致。如：Bob was ill, so he didn’t come, did he?
◆陈述句是“Do/Be型肯定祈使句”时，附加问句部分用“will/won’t you?”结构；如果是否定祈使句，则用“will you?”结构。如：Open the door for me, will/won’t you? Don’t play in the street, will you?
◆陈述句是“Let’s型祈使句”时，附加问句部分用“shall we?”结构；陈述句是“Let us型祈使句”时，附加问句部分用“will you?”结构。如：Let’s go home together, shall we? Let me go home now, will you?
◆如果陈述句中含有no, not, nothing, no one, nobody, never, neither, none, few, little, hardly等否定词时，附加问句部分用肯定结构。如：Few students can answer this difficult question, can they?
◆如果陈述句中的否定词不是否定中心成分，则仍为视为肯定句，附加问句部分用否定结构。如：Father told you not to play computer games, didn’t he?
◆如果陈述句中含有un-, dis-, -less等否定前、后缀构成的词或without, fail, miss等否定意义的词或短语，仍为视为肯定句，附加问句部分用否定结构。如：Xiao Mei was unhappy, wasn’t she?